Musaceae includes about 6 genera and about 150 species. The staple food grains of the population of world is derived from oryza sativa rice and triticum aestivum wheat. Nutritional, medicinal and economical importance of corn. A study on the impacts of corn cultivation zea mays l. This family is also known as poaceae family the family consists of plants that are generally cultivated as crop plants for food. Poaceae formerly known as gramineae usually called grasses has 12 subfamilies, about 600 genera, and some 10,000 or more species plant communities dominated by poaceae are called grasslands often considered to be the most important of all plant families to human economies. Of note is the order poales with 32 genomes sequenced, 31 in the family poaceae grasses plus pineapple. Many members of the family contain potent alkaloids, and some are highly toxic, but manyincluding tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, bell and. The poaceae are the worlds single most important source of food. Poaceae gftamineae monocot grass family characteristics. Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species.
The phyllanthus emblicas gooseberry fleshy fruits are very much rich in vitamin c. But the theory now goes that the apples a rose, and the pear is, and sos the plum, i suppose. With more than 10,000 domesticated and wild species, the poaceae are the fifthlargest plant family, following the asteraceae, orchidaceae, fabaceae, and rubiaceae. Fabaceae leguminosae pea or bean family peas, greenstring beans, fava beans, hyacinth bean, cowpea, peanut.
Economic importance of any organism refers to the advantages and disadvantages of that organism to nature, the humans and the environment. Hummer and jules janick a rose by any other name would smell as sweet. Similarly, table 3 was constructed for taxonomic orders. Poaceae family characteristics and economic importance. The leaves may be evergreen or deciduous and are all basal or alternate, and usually much longer than wide. The plant list includes 48,947 scientific plant names of species rank for the family poaceae. Gertrude stein the rose family the rose is a rose and was always a rose.
Often ecologically dominant, it is estimated to comprise 25% of earths vegetation. Poaceae poaceae economic and ecological importance. Some trees of this family are grown for their excellent shade from sun rays. The grass family is undoubtedly the most important plant family to mankind, agriculturally, economically and ecologically. The family consists of plants that are generally cultivated as crop plants for food. Though commonly called grasses, seagrasses, rushes, and sedges fall outside this family. The grasses are the most important plant family for food production. The very small 5merous flowers have an inferior ovary composed of 25 connate carpels. Only families containing species that have been sequenced, or have economic value, are included. The grass family poaceae contains the largest and, in terms of annual production, most important grain crops, the cereals. Poaceae gftamineae monocot grass family diagnostic characters, floral formula and floral diagram f wheat, economic importance and. Almost a half of all angiosperm and gymnosperm plant orders. Forotherusesandmeaningsofgrass,see grassdisambiguation.
Panicum panic grass largest genus in poaceae festuca fescue poa blue grass andropogon big bluestem tall prairie grass digitaria crabgrass aristida 3 awn grass arundinaria giant cane bamboo tribe economic importance most important family food. The major radiation of the grasses was much later, probably around 35 mya and correlates with an acquired ability to tolerate drought. The grasses are a relatively special group, and so special terminology is commonly used to describe them. Family poaceae on the properties of soil perera, k. Characteristic features and economic importance of family. The subfamilies of poaceae are not included here, as they are largely based on nonmorphological characters that are not readily available for identification purposes. They rank among the top five families of flowering plants in terms of the number of species, but they are clearly the most abundant and important family of the earths flora. The grasses are the most important plant family for food. It provides the major cereal crops and most of the grazing for wild and domestic herbivores. Introduction to economic importance of euphorbiaceae family.
Etymology the poaceae name was given by john hendley barnhart in 1895, based on the tribe poeae described in 1814 by robert brown, and the type genus poa described in 1753 by linnaeus. Among the most speciesrich genera are alchemilla 270, sorbus 260, crataegus 260, cotoneaster 260, rubus 250, and prunus plums, cherries, peaches, apricots, and almonds with about 200 species. The solanaceae, or nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and ornamentals. Economic importance of euphorbiaceae family botany. The plant belonging to family cruciferae like brassica rapa, raphana sativum, brassica juncea are used as vegetables. Anatomy and morphology of the poaceae gramineae grass family slide 2 a quick family description as found with all family files on this site. A truly cosmopolitan family, ranging from polar circles to the equator, and from mountain tops to the sea. The poaceae is one of the largest plant families, commonly divided into subfamilies, each, in turn, containing one or more tribes. The leaves have parallel veins and consist of a cylindrical. Hitchcock 1951 manual grasses us, usda misc publ 200.
Poaceaegrass family named for genus poa crops called cereal crops greek god of agriculture was ceres monocots old family name. The family stands first and foremost in respect of economic importance in whole of angiosperms. The family has diversified in most major land biomes from arid to wet tropical, grassland and coastal. Grasses dominate large expanses of the middle of continents, such as the north american prairies, south american pampas, african veld, and eurasian steppes. Slide 3 a brief comparison of graminoids grasses, sedges and rushes slide 4 to 43 anatomy and morphology of grasses some hints, helps, and thoughts on working with grasses 1.
Species of poaceae contained within the plant list belong to 777 plant genera. Musaceae banana family, musa paradisiaca and economic. The grass family poaceae or gramineae is the fourth largest flowering plant family. From these data, we constructed table 2, reflecting all the families found from both the agricultural and forestry products data, as well as from the list of plants sequenced. The family has been divided on economic basis as follows. For 15 families with species of economic value, we found no genome sequences have as yet been published, most of them in the six orders containing species of economic value but with no published sequences.
Wellknown members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. This article is about plants in the family poaceae known as grasses. The tuberous root of mani hot esculent tapioca is very much rich in starch and creates important food stuff. The poaceae are the most economically important plant family, providing staple foods from. Third largest family of flowering plants and second only to the cereals in economic importance. However, the traditional grass tribes, as broadly accepted over the last two decades, do mainly have a morphological. I also pointed out the difficulty that occurs in species identification, and due to.
This family includes many important domesticates, including the worlds most important cash crop triticum aestivum wheat. Poaceae is a very diverse grass family with great economic importance as it contains crops like rice, maize, oats, wheat, etc. This large volume is devoted to one plant family only, the grasses poaceae or gramineae, and no group of plants is of greater economic importance. The members of this family are widely distributed over tropical regions of the world. Poaceae, grass family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, a division of the order poales. Unesco eolss sample chapters economic botany twentyfive economically important plant families b. Poaceae thisarticleisaboutplantsinthefamilypoaceaeknown asgrasses. Robert brown knew the grasses family poaceae as an important component of. The grass family gramineae or poaceae is descended from a single common ancestor, thought to have lived sometime between 70 and 55 million years ago mya in tropical forest margin habitats. Characteristic features and economic importance of family gramineae. This family is also known as daisy family it includes the plants that are normally cultivated for ornamental flowers as well as for oil value. Many genera are extremely widespread, while others are endemic to single countries. The economic importance of family cruciferae or brassicaceae are as follows. Graminae grains of the total food produced by the worlds top.
With more than 10,000 domesticated and wild species, the poaceae represent the fifthlargest plant family, following the asteraceae, orchidaceae, fabaceae, and rubiaceae. Maize is mother grain of americans and is considered as the earliest cultivar of the new world. Fiscus elasticu rubber tree is cultivated form obtaining commercial rubber cultivation of silk worm. Poaceae economic and ecological importance britannica. Hitchcock as 1935 manual of grasses of the united states. Maize is also recognized by different synonyms such as zea, corn, silk corn etc. Euphorbiaceae, and convolvulaceae also rank high in. They contain, among others, the cereal crop species and other plants of economic importance, such as the bamboos, and several important weeds grasses probably originated in the understory of tropical rainforests in the late cretaceous, but have since come to occupy a wide range of. A list of all accepted names in poaceae is available in csv format.
The true grasses are one of the largest plant families, with around 12,000 species and roughly 800 genera. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as alcea hollyhock, malva mallow and lavatera tree mallow, as well as tilia lime tree. Lamiaceae labiatae characters,economic importance, pattern in species and reproduction through floral formula and floral diagram in mint family. Bennett encyclopedia of life support systemseolss compound leaves are alternate. Twentyfive economically important plant families eolss. Because of their economic importance, the grasses have been studied. List of economically important members of the family. From the point of view of its economic importance, the family is of great value. Poaceae or gramineae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering. It includes 28 tribes, 226 genera seven endemic, and 1795 species 809 endemic in china. The term is derived from the ancient greek term for grass. The leaves of mulberry are used for cultivation of silk worms.
Nonetheless, two are of unequivocal importance poaceae and fabaceae. A 250 plastome phylogeny of the grass family poaceae. They rank among the top five families of flowering plants in terms of the number of species, but they are clearly the most. The grass family poaceae, with 11 500 species, is economically, ecologically, and evolutionarily one of the most successful species. Poaceae, formerly called gramineae, grass family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, a division of the order poales. Grasses are annual, biennial, or perennial plants that are usually herbaceous but may be woody in some genera. The grass family gramineae or poaceae is descended from a single common.
Alternate, compound leaves, either pinnate or trifoliate. K department of botany, open university of sri lanka, nawala, nugegoda, sri lanka abstract maize or corn zea mays l. Rosaceae, the rose family, is a mediumsized family of flowering plants, including 4,828 known species in 91 genera the name is derived from the type genus rosa. One of the major groups of angiosperms is the nightshade or potato family, solanaceae, which contains nearly 3,000 species across more than 90 genera. Six plant families of economic importance david bogler. Bacteria, a prokaryote and microscopic organism, have the following economic importance. Poaceae also is known as gramineae have some unique characteristics than other families. Phylogeny of the grass family poaceae from rpl16 intron sequence data. Avena oats triticum wheat more produced than any other secale rye hordeum. Grasslands are estimated to comprise about 20% of the worlds vegetation. The following is a list of some of the economically important members of the family, ordered alphabetically by common. Bacteria play important roles in different fields such as agriculture, industry etc.